Varicose veins on the legs are a chronic change in the blood drainage due to the influence of mechanical, toxic, traumatic or other factors.
In order to better understand the essence of the pathological process, you need to refer to anatomical information.
The lower limbs are delivered with two main methods:
- In arterial branches.They carry blood rich in oxygen that only delivers useful connections.
- Through the veins.Liquid tissue tolerates carbon dioxide and unnecessary substances for processing, in reverse bleeding of structures, the veins are involved.
It should be noted that different types of blood vessels are not connected or reported that are completely closed.
Blood through the veins move strictly in one direction.The muscle layer in these structures is quite weak, the entire work falls on special valves.They are like partitions, doors that do not transfer the liquid tissue in the opposite direction from the created.
Against the background of increased venous pressure, injuries, damage and other factors, the valves weaken.The blood moves back, the load on the walls of the blood vessels increases.Vienna will wear out many times faster.
The selection structures change their properties and sizes under the mechanical effect.The varicose itself begins.
This disease is characterized by deformations of blood vessels, a decrease in its functional activity, aneurysm -like lead of the walls along the entire length.
Varicosis is dangerous in that a break in the vein, the formation of blood clots, leads to death of local substances over time.The treatment should begin immediately, from the moment the pathological process is recognized.
A characteristic characteristic of a disorder is a relatively leisurely progression.The main quota of patients is men and women over the age of 18.
Despite the relatively forbidden development, the disease behaves unpredictable.Never say in advance at what point critical complications will develop.
A doctor who treats the disease is a phlebologist.
Development mechanism
The pathological process is based on heterogeneous factors, if they are generalized and consist of an approximate picture, the options are as follows:
Mechanical influence
Increased physical activity on the veins of the legs.For example, it is found in intensive sports.Frequent options are characteristics of professional activities (builders, teachers, chefs and other suffering), increased body weight, since the load grows on the legs.
There is every possibility to overcome the pathological process itself in good time.The main thing is to eliminate the abnormal factor.
Traumatic lesions of the surrounding tissue
Not the veins themselves, but the areas.Bruises from soft structures, muscles, ligaments, partial and complete fractures.
There are two reasons for the development of varicose veins: compression of blood vessels with changed tissues and also unequal redistribution of the load on the lower limbs.
Interestingly, the culprits of varicose veins can also be diseases of the musculoskeletal system: arthritis and similar.
Compression of the legs of the legs
This relates to an external influence.The violation of blood flow often provokes patients themselves with their own inappropriate actions.
For example, wearing tights or socks is affected.Women who are willing to achieve the health of persecution of beauty are particularly similar.
Stagnanting processes are exposed to the compression of the region's legs that lie under the compression office.The venous drain is significantly disturbed.This leads to progressive varicose veins quickly.
There are cases in which the pathological process later began, years later, out of a negative impact.
Violations of the hormone balance
Diseases of the production of substances of the thyroid gland, adrenal and pituitary gland are affected.
Change can affect other connections: Hormones of the reproductive system, androgens, estrogens.Some of them regulate the tone of large vessels, veins and arteries.
Genetic features
According to research, infused history almost plays the most important role in the development of the pathological process.This is not a trigger, but a clear premise that increases the probability several times.
Of course, the presence of a relative who suffered from varicose veins is not a guarantee of the development of the pathological process, but the probability is significantly higher.
It is necessary to adhere to the prevention rules to minimize the risks.
Hypovinosis
The regeneration of veins, arteries and ascorbic acid is required for normal work.Vitamins of Group B, E, D. There can also be no normal restoration of blood vessels without them.They take off quickly and lose their earlier elasticity.
If the condition of the defect from several months takes long enough to avoid changes from the veins.
The disease develops faster than usual, progressing to a pronounced, dangerous stage takes only a few months, a maximum of a few years.
Congenital vascular anomalies
As a rule, views do not develop in isolation.Other deviations can be found.Therefore, diagnostics are not of problems.
Natural states
Pregnancy, difficult birth, characteristics of the hormonal background in adolescence or closer to age.
There are other mechanisms that are less common.For example poisoning, exposure to the body of radiation and others.The most common are named.
Varicose veins are a disease characterized by a deviation system: vein deformations, the formation of aneurysm, stars, thinning of the inner lining.The influence of a group of pathogenetic factors is possible.
classification
The methods of unit relate to the phase of the pathological process, their shape.Okay about everything.
The technology used in medicine differentiates between three degrees of development of the disease:
- Compensated.The symptoms are missing as such, the patient does not complain about health complaints.The pathological process at the beginning of its development.But there are already visible signs: dilated veins stretch through the skin thickness.The violation will go to a new stage for several years.
- Undercong.The clinical signs of cramp vessels are clearly expressed.Among them you can distinguish pain, severity in the legs, a feeling of goosebumps, weakness and cramps during the night.They don't come after the rest.Visible manifestations are also available.You can make a diagnosis without any problems.
- Decompensation.In addition to the symptoms already mentioned, additionally: deafness of the legs, loss of sensitivity, frequent rash, constant itching and fire areas of the lesion.
There is real risks of tissue necrosis, thrombosis.Otherwise, the treatment is urgent in order not to exist.
Stand
There is a generally recognized international typification of the pathological process in phases (classes):
- 0. Visible symptoms of disorders are minimal.Patients talk about severity in the lower extremities.This phase can take an indefinite period.
- 1. Stars form on the surface of the legs, the veins expand and are clearly visible.The clinic is still the same.The maximum - episodes of night attacks develop that are interrupted as quickly and suddenly as they started.
- 2. Clinical signs are identical.With a visual assessment of the lower extremities, the doctor shows visible varicose changes from the veins: they branch out, protrude and form complex deformations.
- 3. This phase begins with pronounced edema.
- 4. Rashes appear, itchy KramiKsedermatitis.The skin above the surface of the lesion changes the shadow in the dark, much compact and dries.It becomes thin because every mechanical effect causes painful, deep combs.
- 5. Small erosions appear.
- 6. Complete trophic ulcers develop.
It takes up to several decades for the complete formation of the pathological process from 0 to the 6th stage.
Symptoms
The clinical picture depends on the phase of the disorder.If you present an average list of manifestations, the list is as follows:
- Heavy in the legs.Especially after a mechanical stress, a long -term working day.Going in one place becomes problematic.Over time, the symptom only increases, which indicates the progression of the injury and enables them to suspect varicose veins in the early stage.
- Physical activity intolerance.At first the patient cannot run for a long time and then stand.If you start a disturbance, it only gets worse.One person will not be able to break the stairs without long breaks.This is due to venous lymphatic stagnation in expanded veins.
- Pain of different intensities.Missing in the initial phase.Then the severity of the manifestation grows after a few months or years.Start stupid, unpleasant sensations.
They worsen after physical activity with a strong change in the body position.
In the last stages of the disease, the symptom remains constantly with the patient and does not disappear at all. - Visual changes from the vessels.They look like abnormal branch, the formation of stars on the legs.These manifestations clearly indicate the beginning of seizures.Therefore, the diagnosis is becoming easier over time.Only the localization of changes and their conclusion remains.
- swelling.They gradually start, roughly with the second or third stage of the pathological process.First - at the end of the day.Sit up after a night's sleep.Then the volume changes are constantly preserved, do not end at all.As a rule, the characters refer first, then to the other leg.
- Cramps in the dark.The violation of the musculus tone, cramps, is one of the first signs of varicose veins, which is due to the slowdown of venous lymphatic drain, tissue trophic and cellular breathing.
Cramps in the legsThey went through at night, accompanied by very severe pain.The patient cannot stand on the affected leg during the day or even several.Gradually, the frequency of cramps is only higher.
- Skin itchy.An alarm sign for varicose veins that characterizes gradual dystrophic disorders.There are no ulcers in the initial phase of erosion.But that's a matter of time.
- Change the shadow of the dermis.Hyperpigmentation.The darkening of the skin surface.In the last phase of the pathological process, the lower leg receives a rich raspberry color.
A characteristic symptom for varicose veins of the lower extremities is the setting of the skin above the lesion, which is connected to a rough scissue under the surface of the epidermis, the outer layer of the skin.
- The formation of a rash.Such -called cramp dermatitis.This is a harbinger of the last phase of the pathological process.Small papules are very itchy, they do not allow the patient to live normally.Complications are possible, a secondary infection of wound surfaces.
- Trophic ulcers.A clinical sign characterized by the formation of great erosion, herd of the fabric bath,.First - superficial, then fat fiber.And there is not far from necrosis.Therefore, you cannot pull with the treatment.
The symptoms of varicose veins are caused by impaired tissue trophic, venous lymphatic diseases, epidermal destruction and subcutaneous fat.
The clinical signs develop slowly because there is every chance to start timely treatment.The patient's task is not to miss an important point.
Profile specialists who have to turn - phlebologist, dermatologist, hematologist.
Reasons
The varicose develops as a result of a combination of factors or the influence of a very intensive provocateur.
There are several options:
- Physical activity.Long walking, standing still.Such a moment is usually associated with the characteristics of professional activities and lifestyle.
- Injuries.Fractures, full or part of it.Also bruises, damage to the soft tissues.
- Hypovitaminosis.The lack of substances of group B, E, D, ascorbic acid.
- Genetic factors.Hereditary moments, burdened family history.The probability of a pathological process increases, but there is no guarantee that the disease begins.
- Myosites against the background of hypothermia, physical overload.
- Arthritis.Joint inflammation.
- Hormonal imbalance.Deficiency or excess joints of the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pituitary gland.
- Flebitis of the ships of the legs.The cause of varicose veins in the event of inflammation of the veins of a contagious or non -petical nature.
- Vasculitis of the vessels of the lower extremities.Autoimmune lesions.
- Pregnancy.Since the hormonal background changes and the load grows on the legs, the entire musculoskeletal system grows.
- Perthetic period.Up to 17 to 20 years.
- Menopausa (Andropauza).Climax.The gradual weakening of the reproductive function.
The causes of varicose veins can be traumatic, inflammatory, degenerative and dystrophic.
Diagnosis
Flebologists are examined.Only then are other specialists connected.Under the methods:
- Oral survey.The doctor must understand which complaints the patient submits himself.
- Hang -up collection.The investigation of the likely origin of the problem.
- Visual assessment of the condition of the legs.For the reasons, it is possible to examine the type of pathological process.
- Palpation.Physical technology.
- Uzdg.Dopplerography of the vessels of the legs.Allows you to identify anatomical changes from the lower extremities, deviations from the blood flow speed.Used as the main methodology.It makes it possible to quickly make a diagnosis and examine the degree of the disorder.
- X -Ray.If there is such a need.
- In particularly difficult cases, the doctor prescribes an MRI.
The development of varicose veins on the legs is a sufficient, visually characteristic sign of the expansion of the veins of the lower extremities, it can be diagnosed.Next, it remains to determine the severity of the pathology.
Treatment
The therapy in the initial phases is conservative.A total of three approaches for correction can be distinguished.
Medication.It includes systematic administration of medicines.Means are prescribed that stimulate the microcirculation, blood flow and the flaps, protect the vessels from further tissue disturbance.
Among the fund groups:
- Venotonics.
- Angoprotectors.
- Vitamins, antioxidants.
In addition, physiotherapy, training therapy and massage are actively prescribed, and the wearing of compression knitting clothes is shown.
Conservative technology is used in the early stages of the disease or for auxiliary correction in the leading other method.
A minimal invasive approach.The treatment of varicose veins of the lower extremities includes the destruction of the affected vessels using a special sclerosing drug, liquid nitrogen.
The methodology of sclerotherapy or radio frequency dilation is used in pronounced but not critical stages of the disease.
Surgical approach.The treatment of varicose veins on the legs requires the use of laser, electrical flows or direct excision of the affected vessels - phlebectomy.
The doctor removes half the structure, sews the end of healthy areas and forms anastomosis.The blood flow will be restored very soon.
There are several operating techniques.The choice remains with the doctor.
forecast
Varicose veins on the legs are completely healed in the first three phasesThen there is a risk of complications, irreversible changes in the leg tissue: ulcers, atrophy of the muscles and others.Although survival is still almost 100%.
Against the background of necrosis, frequent erosion, sepsis, the likelihood of death increases by ten times.
In general, the disease is treated well.
prevention
Preventive measures are very easy.The main thing is to capture them strictly:
- Divid.You have to crush all or two hours.Especially with a sitting/standing lifestyle.
- Wear comfortable shoes, socks, tights.Preferably made of natural materials.
- Use of compression knitworthy.
- Light physical activity.Swim, run.The main thing is not to be overwhelmed.
- Real nutrition.More vitaminized products.
- Optimal drinking mode.1.5-2 liters per day.
The lack of liquids affects negatively, the blood thickens, moves worse through the vessels, the pressure in the venous network increases.
Consequences
Complications can be fatal.Among the options:
- Muscular dystrophy.
- Parese.Partial sensitivity loss
- The formation of ulcers with the probability of a secondary infection.
- Fabric necrosis.Gangrene.Especially with the defeat of the deep veins.
- Bombosis of the vessels of the legs, thrombophlebitis.
- Sepsis.Blood poisoning.
- Disability.
Varicose veins of the lower extremities are a pathological change in shape, structure, elasticity of the vessels of the legs (and not only) with the loss of muscle functions.
The disease develops slowly, but the result will be unfortunate without quality treatment.